Each year, you need to file Form W-2 for your employees. You might need to use Form W-2 Box 12 codes to accurately fill out Form W-2.
If you are not familiar with Box 12, there are currently 26 codes to report certain compensation and benefit amounts. The codes range from life insurance coverage to the amount you contributed to an employee’s adoption expenses.
Form W-2 Box 12 codes: instructions
The code and the corresponding amount must go in Box 12. Since there are four parts of Box 12 on Form W-2 (12a, 12b, 12c, and 12d), you can put up to four codes and amounts on the W-2. If you need to report more than four, you will need an additional Form W-2. Box 12 is highlighted in the Form W-2 below, courtesy of the IRS.
There is a vertical line dividing each section of Box 12. The code goes on the left of the vertical line, and the dollar amount goes on the right of the line. For example, if your employee deferred a total of $1200.00 to their 401(k) plan, you would enter D | 1200.00 in Box 12.
Form W-2 Box 12 codes and explanations
Take a look at the chart below to see Form W-2 Box 12 codes and explanations. This information is also found on the IRS General Instructions for Forms W-2 and W-3.
| Code | Explanation |
|---|---|
| A | Uncollected Social Security or RRTA tax on tips. If you did not withhold Social Security tax or Railroad Retirement Tax Act tax (retirement taxes for the railroad industry) on an employee’s tips, you will enter A and the amount in Box 12. |
| B | Uncollected Medicare tax or RRTA tax on tips. If you did not withhold Medicare tax or Railroad Retirement Tax Act on an employee’s tips, you will enter B and the amount in Box 12. |
| C | Taxable cost of group-term life insurance over $50,000. If you provide group-term life insurance coverage over $50,000, you will enter C in Box 12, as well as Boxes 1, 3, and 5. For the amount you need to enter, consult the IRS. |
| D | Elective deferrals under a section 401(k) cash or deferred arrangement plan (including a SIMPLE 401(k) arrangement). If your employee contributes to a 401(k) retirement plan, enter D and the amount in Box 12. Also, check the retirement plan box in Box 13. |
| E | Elective deferrals under a section 403(b) salary reduction agreement. If your employee contributes to a 403(b) retirement plan, enter E and the amount in Box 12. Check the retirement plan box in Box 13 as well. |
| F | Elective deferrals under a section 408(k)(6) salary reduction agreement. If your employee contributes to a 408(k)(6) retirement plan, including a Simplified Employee Pension plan (SEP), enter F and the amount in Box 12. |
| G | Elective deferrals and employer contributions (including nonelective deferrals) to a section 457(b) deferred compensation plan. This is a retirement plan for government businesses including hospitals and charities, but if your employee contributes to a 457(b), enter G and the amount in Box 12. |
| H | Elective deferrals to a section 501(c)(18)(D) tax-exempt organization plan. This retirement plan is a tax-exempt organization plan. If your employee contributes to a 501(c)(18)(D) plan, enter H and the amount in Box 12 as well as Box 1. |
| I | Currently not used. |
| J | Nontaxable sick pay. Show any sick pay that was paid by a third-party and was not includible in income (and not shown in Boxes 1, 3, and 5) because the employee contributed to the sick pay plan. |
| K | 20% excise tax on excess golden parachute payments. Excess golden parachute payments apply to employees of big corporations who are undergoing mergers. |
| L | Substantiated employee business expense reimbursements. If an employee’s business expenses are nontaxable, you would include this in Box 12. To determine if your employee’s business expenses are nontaxable, consult the IRS. Taxable portions go in Boxes 1, 3, and 5. |
| M | Uncollected Social Security or RRTA tax on taxable cost of group-term life insurance over $50,000 (former employees only). If you did not collect Social Security tax or RRTA tax from former employees for group-term life insurance over $50,000, enter M and the amount in Box 12. |
| N | Uncollected Medicare tax on taxable cost of group-term life insurance over $50,000 (but not Additional Medicare Tax; for former employees only). If you did not collect Medicare tax or RRTA tax from former employees for group-term life insurance over $50,000, enter N and the amount in Box 12. |
| P | Excludable moving expense reimbursements paid directly to members of the Armed Forces. This is only for members of the Armed Forces. |
| Q | Nontaxable combat pay. This is only for military personnel. |
| R | Employer contributions to an Archer Medical savings account. If your employees have Archer Medical savings accounts, you will enter the amount you contributed in Box 12. You will also need to report amounts not excluded in your employee’s gross pay in Boxes 1, 3, and 5. |
| S | Employee salary reduction contributions under a section 408(p) SIMPLE plan. If an employee contributes to a SIMPLE retirement plan (and not a 401(k)), include the amount they have taken out of their paychecks in Box 12. Also, enter the amount in Boxes 3 and 5, as well as check the retirement plan box in Box 13. |
| T | Adoption benefits. If you offer benefits to your employees who adopt, you will need to include the total amount in Box 12. Also, if your employee contributes to a 125 adoption plan, include what they contributed before taxes. Enter the total amount in Boxes 3 and 5 as well. |
| U | Currently not used. |
| V | Income from exercise of nonstatutory stock option(s). You will report the difference between the fair market value and the price an employee paid for a nonstatutory stock in Box 12, as well as in Boxes 1, 3, and 5. |
| W | Employer contributions to a Health Savings Account (HSA) (including employee contributions through a cafeteria plan). If you contribute to an employee’s Health Savings Account plan, you will enter the amount of your contributions in Box 12. Also, you need to include your contributions in Box 1. |
| Y | Deferrals under a Section 409A nonqualified deferred compensation plan. Regardless of whether the deferrals are part of income or not, enter the amount put into a nonqualified deferred compensation plan. |
| Z | Income under a nonqualified deferred compensation plan that fails to satisfy Section 409A. You will enter the amount of total income that does not meet the requirements of Section 409A. The amount for Code Z will be taxed 20% plus interest on your employee’s Form 1040. |
| AA | Designated Roth contributions under a section 401(k) plan. If your employee contributes to a Roth 401(k) plan, report the amount in Box 12, and check the retirement plan box in Box 13. |
| BB | Designated Roth contributions under a section 403(b) plan. Enter the amount an employee contributed to a Roth 403(b) plan in Box 12, and check the retirement plan box in Box 13. |
| CC | Currently not used. |
| DD | Cost of employer-sponsored health coverage. You will report the amount of employer-provided health coverage in Box 12 with Code DD. |
| EE | Designated Roth contributions under a governmental section 457(b) plan. You will include Roth contributions under a 457(b) plan in Box 12 as well as Boxes 1, 3, and 5. |
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This article was updated from its original publication date of December 11, 2016.
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